Masiponji a Hemostatic kapena mutha kuwatchanso masiponji opangira opaleshoni, chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri maopaleshoni kuti asatuluke magazi. Momwemonso, amadziwikanso kuti kulowetsedwa hemostatic gelatin masiponjichifukwa amapangidwa kuchokera ku zinthu zomwe zimatha kuyamwa monga cellulose, fupa la gelatin, ndi zigawo zina za polymeric. Komabe, zigawozi zimagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri kuti thupi liziyenda bwino kuti magazi asiye kutuluka.
Siponji imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga opaleshoni ya mitsempha, mano, otolaryngology, gynecology, ndi maopaleshoni oletsa kutulutsa magazi kwa wodwala ndikuwotcha pachilonda. Pakalipano, Siponji ya hemostatic imalimbikitsa kusinthika kwa minofu ndipo imakhala ndi mphamvu zowononga komanso zowononga tizilombo.
Nkhaniyi ifotokoza zomwe masiponji a hemostatic amapangidwa komanso momwe amagwiritsira ntchito pazachipatala.
Kupanga kwa Hemostatic Sponge
Mapangidwe a Hemostatic Sponges ndi ofunikira kuti ayimitse magazi ndi kupanga magazi m'mabala. Zigawo zake ndi izi:
Zofunika Kwambiri:
▶Gelatin wa mankhwala:
Masiponji ambiri a hemostatic amakhala Gelatin mankhwala, puloteni yochokera ku fupa la bovine. Izi fupa la bovine gelatinali ndi mapindu osiyanasiyana.
▶Kuyamwa:
Pamene pamwamba pake atenga magazi, amatha kupanga magazi, kuteteza kutaya magazi.
▶Biodegradability:
Chodabwitsa ichi chimatanthauza kuti pamene thupi la munthu limaphwanya mwachibadwa gelatin, imathandizira kupanga magazi, omwe amaletsa kutuluka kwa magazi.
▶Thrombin:
Thrombin ndi puloteni yomwe imapatsa mphamvu mwachindunji magazi kuti apange magazi.
▶Fibrinogen:
Protein fibrinogen imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri popanga magazi kuundana.
Zida Zodzaza ndi Hemostatic
Zida zodzaza ndi hemostatic zimagawidwa m'mitundu itatu kutengera momwe zimapangidwira komanso momwe zimagwirira ntchito: zida zopangidwa ndi polysaccharide, mapuloteni opangidwa ndi hemostatic reagents, ndi mankhwala opangidwa ndi mankhwala.
1. Mankhwala Opangidwa ndi Hemostatic Compounds:
Mankhwala a Hemostasis ndi ma monomers ang'onoang'ono kapena ma polima omwe amatha kuchitapo kanthu kuti apange ma gels ndi zomangira minofu. Ngakhale kuti zipangizozi zili ndi chiopsezo chochepa kwambiri cha matenda opatsirana ndi mavairasi kusiyana ndi mapuloteni opangidwa ndi mapuloteni, zovuta zina, ndi zovuta zambiri zomwe zimadza chifukwa cha poizoni wa mankhwala ndi kusawonongeka kumapitirirabe.2.
2.Hemostatic Agents: Mapuloteni Ochokera
Mapuloteni opangidwa ndi hemostatic reagents, opangidwa ndi thrombin, collagen, kapena fibrinogen, ndi ofanana ndi njira ya EC/PGRF potengera mtengo wokwera. Angathe kupatsirana, koma amakhala ndi moyo waufupi. Mapuloteni opangidwa ndi hemostatic agents ndi ofunikira kwambiri popewa kutaya magazi pochita opaleshoni. Mankhwalawa amagwira ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito mapuloteni, monga fibrin kapena kolajeni, omwe amathandizira kuti magazi aziundana bwino m'thupi.
Mapuloteniwa akagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphimba chilondacho, amapanga magazi olimba omwe amasiya kutuluka magazi komanso kuchira. Kuwongolera mwachangu komanso moyenera kutayika kwa magazi ndikofunikira pakuchita opaleshoni komanso kusamalidwa kwakanthawi, komwe kumapereka phindu lalikulu kwa ma protein-based hemostatic agents. Iwo ndi biocompatible ndipo kawirikawiri amagwira ntchito bwino ndi umagwirira thupi. Chifukwa chake, kwa azachipatala, yakhala njira yabwino yowonjezerera nthawi yochira ndikuwongolera zotsatira za odwala.
3.Polymeric Hemostatic Zida Zochokera ku Polysaccharide
Amapangidwa makamaka ndi cellulose, chitosan, sodium alginate, ndi wowuma. Mulimonse momwe mungayang'anire izo… iwo akhoza kulenga wokongola kwambiri mtundu uliwonse wa mankhwala hemostatic pansi pa dzuwa. Ma polima amtunduwu amakupatsirani kuyanjana kwabwino, biodegradability, komanso mawonekedwe omwe si a immunogenic.
Ndi chiyani Gelatin wa Bovine Bone?
Gelatin ya bovinendi mtundu wothandiza kwambiri wa gelatin mumitundu yonse ya masiponji. Amachokera ku mafupa a ng'ombe kapena mafupa ena a ng'ombe ndipo ali ndi ubwino wambiri.
Panthawiyi, izi Gelatin ya bovine imayamwa bwino magazi, ndikupanga magazi ambiri omwe amasiya kutuluka magazi. Gelatin imawonongeka pang'onopang'ono mkati mwa thupi, kuchepetsa kufunika kochotsa pambuyo pa ntchito.
Kupanga Njira Yopangira Masiponji a Hemostatic
Masiponji a hemostatic ndi ofunikira pakuchita opaleshoni ndi chisamaliro chabala, koma kapangidwe kake ndi kapangidwe kake zimakhudza kwambiri magwiridwe ake. Pano, tikuwona njira zingapo zokonzekera zida zotsekera magazi izi:
1.Kuyanika-Kuzizira:
Njira yogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiriyi imaphatikizapo kuzizira yankho pambuyo pa chinthu cha hemostatic, nthawi zambiri gelatin, chasungunuka mu zosungunulira. Kenako, vacuum imaperekedwa ku chisakanizo chozizira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zosungunulirazo zisungunuke - kusintha kwachindunji kuchoka ku zolimba kupita ku gasi - popanda kusungunula ayezi. Izi zimawononga makhiristo a ayezi, ndikusiya mawonekedwe a porous siponji. Mukagwiritsidwa ntchito pabala, matrix otsala a gelatin amakhalabe ndi hemostatic mankhwala ndipo amalimbikitsa mapangidwe a magazi.
2.Kutulutsa kwa Solvent & Particulate Leaching:
Choyamba, chosungunulira chimasungunula fupa la gelatin ndi zinthu zina monga fibrinogen ndi thrombin kuti ayambe ntchitoyi. Pambuyo pa izi, madzimadzi amatuluka, omwe mungathe kuyika muzitsulo zosiyanasiyana ndikusiya kwa kanthawi kuti akhazikike. Akayikidwa, mchere kapena shuga amasungunuka ndi zosungunulira zosiyana. Pambuyo pa leaching ndondomekoyi, mumapeza porous zinthu zotchedwa hemostatic siponji, njira yabwino kupewa magazi.
3.Electrospinning:
Njira yamakonoyi imagwiritsa ntchito gawo lamagetsi kuti isinthe njira ya polima kukhala ulusi wosalimba. Pakalipano, yankho la polima ndi masiponji a hemostatic opangidwa kuchokera ku fupa la gelatin kapena ma polima ena. Mukayika chinthu chonga minyewa iyi pa chosonkhanitsa chitakhala ndi malo amagetsi, chimapanga chinthu chonga ngati mat. Ndi momwe zimakhalira siponji ya hemostatic, yomwe mungagwiritse ntchito popanga opaleshoni.
4.Lyophilization ndi Crosslinking:
Njirayi imagwiritsa ntchito ma crosslinking agents molumikizana ndi kuzizira. Crosslinking imayang'anira kuchuluka kwa siponji mkati mwake ndikulimbitsa kapangidwe kake. Gelatin ndi crosslinking wothandizira amasungunuka mu zosungunulira kenako amawumitsidwa. Kuphatikizika kwa mankhwala kumapanga zolumikizirana pakati pa mamolekyu a gelatin m'malo oundana, kulimbitsa siponji ya hemostatic ndikulola kumasulidwa mowongolera.
Pakadali pano, ofufuza amapeza njira zatsopano zopangira masiponji a hemostatic pazachipatala. Ngakhale masiponji amatha kusinthidwa kuti awapatse ntchito zambiri, monga antimicrobial properties, kafukufukuyu akufuna kuwagwiritsa ntchito ngati njira ina yopangira ma polima opangidwa ndi zomera. Komabe, cholinga chachikulu ndi kupanga masiponji ochulukirapo a hemostatic omwe ali otetezeka, othandiza, komanso osinthidwa.
Kutulutsa ndi Kukonza kwa Bone Gelatin
Kuchotsa fupa la gelatin kumaphatikizapo njira zina monga:
Mafupa a ng'ombe amagulidwa kuchokera kwa amalonda odalirika ndipo amawayesa mosamala kuti atsimikizire kuti ali oyera.
Mankhwala kapena ma enzymes amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchotsa collagen, gawo lalikulu la mapuloteni a mafupa.
Collagen yotengedwa imayikidwa pa ndondomeko yoyeretsedwa mwamphamvu yomwe imachotsa zonyansa kuti zitheke kukwaniritsa zofunikira pa gelatin ya mankhwala.
Gelatin yomaliza imatsukidwa kuti ichotse mabakiteriya ndi ma virus.
Ubwino wa Siponji ya Hemostatic
Masiponji a hemostatic amapangidwa kuti ateteze kutaya magazi ochulukirapo m'zipinda zopangira opaleshoni ndikuwonjezera mphamvu zopanga magazi kuti thupi la munthu lidzichiritsa lokha mwachangu komanso mwathanzi.
✔ Imathandizira Kuthamanga Kwachangu komanso Kuchiritsa Mabala
Masiponji a hemostatic ali ndi maubwino ambiri, monga kuletsa kutuluka kwa magazi m'mabala, kuyamwa magazi, ndikuyamba kupanga magazi. Mankhwalawa amakweza mphamvu zamachiritso za thupi la munthu ndikupulumutsa wodwala ku kutaya magazi ochuluka ngati achitidwa opaleshoni iliyonse.
✔Imathandiza Kuletsa Kutuluka Magazi Panthawi Yopanga Opaleshoni
Masiponji a hemostatic amagwiritsidwa ntchito poletsa kutuluka kwa magazi panthawi ya maopaleshoni osiyanasiyana. Angagwiritsidwe ntchito mwachindunji kumalo otuluka magazi kuti apangitse mapangidwe a magazi ndi kupereka chithandizo chamagetsi. Izi zimachepetsa mwayi wazovuta komanso zimapangitsa kuti maopaleshoni azikhala bwino posunga malo ogwirira ntchito momasuka.
✔Amachepetsa Kutaya Magazi ndi Kuchepetsa Kuopsa kwa Mavuto
Masiponji a hemostatic amaletsa kutayika kwa magazi komanso chiopsezo cha zovuta mwa kukonza bwino mabala omwe amatuluka magazi. Chifukwa kutaya magazi kwambiri kungachititse odwala kukomoka kapena kufa, chopulumutsa moyochi chimakhala chofunika kwambiri pa maopaleshoni amtundu uliwonse.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Masiponji a Hemostatic mu Mankhwala
Masiponji a hemostatic ali ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana zamankhwala poletsa kutuluka kwa magazi:
ndiGwiritsani Ntchito Opaleshoni Poletsa Kutaya Magazi
Akugwiritsidwa ntchito bwino pa maopaleshoni ambiri pofuna kupewa kutaya magazi. Njira zachikhalidwe, monga ma ligature kapena kukakamiza, sizigwira ntchito bwino, choncho madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito masiponji a hemostatic. Mutha kuziyika mwachangu pamalo otaya magazi, ndipo zimayamba kupangitsa kuti magazi aziundana komanso kupereka chithandizo chamakina.
ndiUbwino Pazinthu Zina
Poyerekeza masiponji a hemostatic ndi katundu wina, zotsatirazi ndi zabwino zina zogwiritsira ntchito zosakaniza monga chitosan ndi gelatin:
ü Kuthamanga kwambiri kwa hemostasis yokhala ndi kuyamwa kwakukulu komanso kuyamwa mwachangu kwa magazi.
ü Otetezeka komanso ogwirizana ndi chiwopsezo chochepa cha zoyipa.
ü Amalimbikitsa kusinthika kwa minofu ndi kuchiritsa bwino mabala.
ndiGwiritsani Ntchito Maopaleshoni a Orthopaedic
Komanso, amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa maopaleshoni a mafupa. Panthawi ya opaleshoni, amagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri kuti magazi asatayike. Panthawiyi, a kulowetsedwa hemostatic gelatin siponjicholinga chake ndi kuyamwa chinyezi chonse kapena magazi omwe ali ndi pobowole kuti achepetse magazi.
ndiGwiritsani Ntchito Njira za Dental
Ntchito yotsatira ya masiponji a hemostatic ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito pochita maopaleshoni a mano monga kuchotsa dzino, opaleshoni ya periodontal, ndi njira zina zopangira opaleshoni. Kukhoza kwawo kulamulira kutuluka kwa magazi kumakhala kodabwitsa mu opaleshoni yovutayi.
ndiKuchita Maopaleshoni Osiyanasiyana
Pomaliza, izi kulowetsedwa hemostatic gelatin siponjiamagwira ntchito moyenera pazosowa zosiyanasiyana za opaleshoni. Komabe, kukhoza kwake kuletsa kukhetsa mwazi kwa munthu kuli kofunika mu sayansi ya zamankhwala chifukwa cha kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwake; Kunena zoona zimapulumutsa moyo. Opaleshoni yayikulu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi gynecology, neurology, otolaryngology, ndi opaleshoni wamba.
Mapeto
Chifukwa chake, iyi inali nkhani yokhudza zomwe masiponji a hemostatic amapangidwa kuchokera. Tikukhulupirira kuti mupeza mayankho onse omwe mumafuna. Pakadali pano, Imapereka maubwino osiyanasiyana m'magawo osiyanasiyana a sayansi ya zamankhwala monga opaleshoni, ndipo mphamvu yake ndikuletsa magazi ochulukirapo mwa kuyamwa chinyezi.
Ofufuza akuyang'anabe njira zatsopano zomwe angagwiritsire ntchito mtsogolo m'makampani azamankhwala komanso kupulumutsa miyoyo yambiri.
